Ethics & Benefits

A video on Genetics Learning Science Center explains that mutations occur continuously. Each one of us has 60 new variations that cannot be found in our parents. If the mutations occur in genes that do not code for a specific protein, the mutation goes almost unnoticed. If instead they code a protein, the mutation becomes more relevant. Some mutations are beneficial for the individual. Some are not.

The Broad Institute in Boston did a research on people suffering from obesity that did not have diabetes. They found a gene called SLC30A8 which makes people 65% less likely of getting diabetes This would be an example of a positive mutation. Cystic Fibrosis, on the other hand, is a life-threatening genetic disease caused by the mutation of a single gene, the CFTR gene. This disease leads to respiratory failure, problems with digestion and the reproductive system.”

I am particularly fascinated by the possibility to modify and edit genes. I am aware of the dangers that being able to do so can cause. Who decides which mutations are beneficial, and which are not? Pam Belluck in an article for The New York Times titled “In Breakthrough, Scientists Edit a Dangerous Mutation From Genes in Human Embryos” discusses the ethical problems of gene editing. She writes, “But the achievement is also an example of human genetic engineering, once feared and unthinkable, and is sure to renew ethical concerns that some might try to design babies with certain traits, like greater intelligence or athleticism.” At the same the article stated it could help cure diseases, such as cystic fibrosis. As for now, as the article claims, gene editing will be, can be, only used for life threatening, genetic disease conditions.